Answer: (C)

The question says that one of the four statements is a lie, and that it is possible to determine which number each friend rolled if a further piece of information is also known; each answer choice provides a possible further piece of information. Thus, you must see what happens if each answer is true – can you then work out which number each friend rolled, bearing in mind that each friend rolls a different number from 1 to 6? Checking each answer in turn:

If (A) is true: Sam rolled a 5. If Ruby is telling the truth, and she rolled a 4, then Sam‟s statement is also true. Tori or Umar must be lying. If Tori is lying, then she must have a 6 – the only number higher than Sam‟s. Umar, though, could have 1, 2 or 3. If Umar is lying, then his number is higher than Tori‟s, whose number is lower than Sam‟s. Thus, Tori could have 1, 2 or 3, and Umar could have 2, 3 or 6. However, there‟s also the possibility that Ruby is lying, in which case she could have rolled a 1, 2 or 3, as Sam‟s number would still be higher. Hence, knowing that Sam rolled a 5 really tells you very little about the other numbers, and does not determine which statement is the lie. (A) doesn‟t tell us much of anything for sure.

If (B) is true: Tori rolled a 6. This means that her statement is the lie, since her number is actually the highest possible, so it must be higher than Sam‟s. This means that all other three statements are true. If Tori rolled a 6 and Ruby rolled a 4, then Sam must have rolled a 5, as his number‟s higher than Ruby‟s. However, we don‟t know if Umar rolled a 1, 2 or 3 – all are lower than Tori‟s number.

If (C) is true: If Sam‟s statement is the lie, then his number is lower than Ruby‟s. That means Ruby definitely rolled a 4, and the other three friends must have rolled 3, 2 and 1. Since Sam‟s number is lower than Ruby‟s, Tori‟s is lower than Sam‟s, and Umar‟s is lower than Tori‟s, then Sam must have rolled a 3, Tori a 2 and Umar a 1. Thus, if we know Sam‟s statement is the lie, then we know exactly which number all the friends rolled.

At this point, there is no need to check (D). On Test Day, you would mark (C) on the answer sheet and move on to the next question. For the record, though: If (D) is true: If Tori‟s statement is the lie, then Tori‟s number is higher than Sam‟s. Since Sam‟s number is higher than Ruby‟s, and Ruby rolled a 4, that means Tori rolled a 6 and Sam rolled a 5. However, we don‟t know if Umar rolled a 1, 2 or 3 – all are lower than Tori‟s number.

Answer: (B)

This question asks for the conclusion that is least supported by the data. This means that the three wrong answers will be supported, and the one correct answer will be unsupported. The table indicates the recommended range of weight gain (according to the IOM) based on prepregnancy weight categories. In the figure, the graphs show the proportion of women in each prepregnancy weight category who were either below the recommended range (IOM, the dark grey portions). Compare each answer choice to the graph for the corresponding prepregnancy weight category and year to see if the statement matches the data.

(A): Women of normal weight before pregnancy are recommended to gain 25-35 pounds during pregnancy. Checking the figures for normal weight for 1993-1994, women who gained 35 pounds or fewer during pregnancy would include the
There would be no need to check the remaining answers on Test Day; however, for the record:

(C): Women who were obese before pregnancy are recommended to gain 11-20 pounds during pregnancy. Checking the figures for obese for 1998, women who gained 11 pounds or more during pregnancy would include the IOM group and the >IOM group (light grey + dark grey): 29.4% + 45.8% = 75.2%. The statement matches the data, so (C) is incorrect.

(D): Women who were overweight before pregnancy are recommended to gain 15-25 pounds during pregnancy. Checking the figures for overweight for 2002-2003, women who gained more than 25 pounds during pregnancy would be the >IOM group (dark grey): 63%. The statement matches the data, so (D) is incorrect.

Answer: (D)

This set of 3 questions is a Logic Puzzle, requiring you to work out deductions based on the initial rules, and potential further deductions with the added info in each question. Take a minute to read over the rules and look for any initial deductions. As you do so, you‟ll want to make a rough sketch of the scenario on your test paper. Even though one is provided, it will be easier to do a sketch of your own, as you‟ll need to re-draw a sketch for each question. In the first class compartment, there are 4 rows: two with two seats (A and K), and two with four seats (A, E, F and K). There‟s an aisle between A/E and F/K seats in the back two rows, merging to one aisle between the A/K seats in the first two rows. Perhaps the simplest sketch would be

Now, consider what we know about the passengers. Georgia and Harrison must sit together, across an aisle. You could note this as G/H. Also, Lily, Max and Kirstie have to be in the same row in adjacent seats, with Lily in a window seat and Max not in a window seat. Thus, Lily must be in an A or K seat, and Max in an E/F seat. Since they must be in three adjacent seats, Kirstie must also be in an E/F seat, and they must be in Row 3 or Row 4. The second businessman, who will not sit in a row adjacent to small children, therefore cannot be in Row 3 or 4; he (call him 2B) must be in Row 1 (if L/K/M are in Row 3), or he could be in Row 1 or 2 if they are in Row 4. We also know that the pilot (P) and the first businessman (1B) must be A seats. This means that P and 1B can‟t be in the same row; also, if Lily is in an A seat, then we have three of the A seats taken. We don‟t know anything about the flight attendants (FA, FA) – they could go anywhere. However, we do know that there are 10 passengers total, and 12 seats – so there will be two empty seats. Knowing which seats are empty could be very useful, since it would limit where people could sit. Also, the groups that must sit in the same row – G/H and L/M/K – could be quite limited in where they will fit, although we may not know the exact seats for each.

Moving onto the details in question 5, which gives two further special conditions for this question only: Lily sits in 3A and 1K is empty. Add these details to the sketch:

We know that Max and Kirstie have to sit in the E and F seats in Row 3; we don‟t know which goes in which seat, and it really doesn‟t matter, since we now know that Kirstie (answer B) cannot sit in a K seat. We also know that the second businessman‟s seating depends on L/M/K‟s: since they are in Row 3, then 2B must be in Row 1 – and there is only one seat he can take in that row, 1A. Add these to the sketch:

Note the use of slashes when there are two options for who could go into a seat. Now, the next passengers to slot in are the pilot and the first businessman. They have to take A seats, and there are two left – 2A and 4A. The only remaining passengers who are restricted at all are Georgia and Harrison – they have to sit across the aisle from each other. With 2A and 4A taken, the only remaining seats for G/H are 4F and 4K. Add these in:

Notice the wrong answer trap: (A) is not something that must be true. Georgia could sit in a K seat, 4K. However, she could just as easily sit in 4F, which is NOT a K seat. Both are equally possible, so (A) is wrong. We have already assigned Kirstie and both businessmen to seats, none of which are K seats. Thus, answer (D) must be correct. As the sketch shows, there are three seats remaining: 2K, 3K and 4E. The two flight attendants can sit in any two of these seats, but at least one of them will be in a K seat.

Answer: (A)

To assess the effectiveness of the drug, compare the results for the various doses to the results for the control group. The drug is less effective when there is minimal difference between the results for the control and the results for the participants taking the drug, or when the control has better results than participants taking the drug. The results have the least difference in Week 4; in that week, the control group had better results than two of the three participant groups in the study, so the drug is least likely to be effective based on data from that week. Answer (A) is correct.

Answer: (A)

The patient reddens in response to the shorter doctor asking her if she has had diarrhoea. Prior to this, the taller doctor corrected the shorter doctor, telling him he was wrong to ask about vomiting and should have asked about diarrhoea; when she reddens, the passage describes her thoughts: „She‟d never have come to hospital for such a simple, obvious problem. It was as though these boys were playing guessing games and using her as the object of inquiry.‟ From these details, we can infer that she does not actually have diarrhoea, and that she is embarrassed at the suggestion she would have come to hospital if she only had diarrhoea, which she would have obviously noticed. Thus, (A) is correct. For the record: She is annoyed at the way that the doctors are treating her, not the way they treat each other; they are not letting her speak, which is not the same as interrupting her.

Answer: (B)

Checking the line reference, Irene mentions that Uncle Fred had chemotherapy and that it gave him another two years of life. But it was unbearable; it took his hair, appetite and energy, and she asserts that it would do the same to her. These details indicate that she is afraid that the treatment will have the same effect on her, taking her hair, appetite and energy. Answer (B) is correct. For the record: Uncle Fred‟s life was prolonged for two years, ruling out (A); her husband left nearly 8 years earlier, but their language suggests that he died, not that he divorced her, and in any case this was not linked to Uncle Fred‟s treatment; while she states that Josh cried one time when they left the hospital after visiting Fred, it is not clear that all of the boys were there, or that they were all crying. (D) is possible, but (B) is clearly, directly supported.

Answer: (D)

The figure rotates 90° clockwise with each subsequent step in the sequence. With each step, two of the shaded segments swap places. From the first step to the second, the crisscross and white segments swap places; from the second to the third, the crisscross and chequered segment swap places; from the third to the fourth, the black and the crisscross segment swap places. Thus, when the figure has the segments with their longer sides horizontal, the top two segments swap; when the longer sides are vertical, the middle two segments swap. The figure has the longer sides of the segments vertical in the fourth step, so the middle two segments will swap; when the figure rotates 90° clockwise, the white segment will be on top, followed by black, then chequered, then crisscross. The answer is therefore (D).

Answer: (D)

There are quite a lot of elements in this sequence. Perhaps the simplest to see are the colours, which are consistent within each row. In the top row, the lower-right shape is black, the upper-left shape is white, and the other two shapes are grey; in the middle row, the upper-right shape is black, the upper-left shape is grey, and the other two shapes are white; in the bottom row, the upper-left shape is black and the other shapes are white. On this basis, eliminate (A), (C) and (E), as there are no grey shapes in the bottom row. In the bottom row, the explosion is in the upper-right position in the left box, then in the upper-left in the middle box; thus, it must rotate one further position anticlockwise, to the lower-left, in the correct answer. The answer is therefore (D).

Answer: (B)

The figure in each answer choice consists of seven segments, either black or white; there are four black segments and three white segments, and the colours appear to move up or down the figure by one position with each step of the sequence. It‟s probably easiest to work out the overall sequence by focusing on the two adjacent black segments, which are the top two segments in (A), the bottom two in (B), and so on; in (D), they are the top and bottom, indicating that the colours repeat up/down the sequence, with the bottom colour moving to the top (or vice versa). Starting from (B) and following the adjacent black segments up the figure, we can see that BCE (or ECB) must be part of the sequence, depending whether the colours move up (BCE) or down (ECB). However, there is no option of a figure with the third and fourth segments from the top both black, which would have to come after (E) if the sequence involves the colours moving up the figure. Thus, the colours must move down the figure, with the bottom colour moving to the top; this also means that (E) must be the first in the sequence, since nothing can come after it, and it has to be in a block of BCE or ECB. (B) is therefore the middle of the sequence, and the correct answer. For the record: The complete sequence is ECBDA. While (D) is the one answer that makes it clearest that there are seven segments in the figure, it is also the most challenging to fit into the sequence, since the two black segments that are adjacent in the other four answers are at the top and bottom in (D).